Tokpli Township is a mining area occupied by SCANTOGO Mines SA (Tabligbo East Quarry) which has been operating in Togo since some years and is involved in the extraction of Limestones. According to his environmental action plan, SCANTOGO seeks to promote organic farming in order to help the population to preserve the soil, its biodiversity and human health. In the same vein, this company promotes agroforestry practices and the use of bio-pesticides to promote agriculture, biodiversity and human health. This project is an part of this approach and aims to develop cultural and diagnostic methods to improve vegetables production using GIS (to identify states of degradation of different soil in the mining areas and the topsoil) and indigenous fertilizers and insecticidal plants species of the farms around the mining area. At the end of this project, degradation states of the different soils of the mining area, list of bio-fertilizing and insecticidal plants as well as the cultural methods based on the use of area native plants species will be known. Agronomic tests will be conducted on the main vegetable crops to evaluate the potentials of the different endogenous species identified as fertilizing and bioinsecticidal plants. Synthesis Geo-ecological map, the list of bio-fertilizing and Bio-insecticide native plants species identified will be an adequate tools to improve crops yields in the mining areas and the rehabilitation of the topsoil with a low cost after exploitation.

RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDES FOR THE USE OF THE PROJECT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT ON THE SITE
We are at the end of our project
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Conclusion: the main results (Chacteristics of agriculture soils )
Characterization of agricultural soils and land use map!
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Conclusion: the main results (The best spontaneous bioinsecticids plants for vegetables production)
They are: C. odorata, M. lucida, A. indica and L. decurens. The effective dose is 100% and effective frequence is 4days
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Conclusion: the main results (The best spontaneous biofertilizers plants for vegetables production)
We have 3 weeks left! It is time to recall the main results of our project to see if the objectives have been achieved!
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Identification of the most effective treatment frequency using the best dose of the bioinsecticide
The last test in our study allowed us to determine the most effective treatment frequency.
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What is the effective dose of dillution for the efficacy of the bioinsecticid?
All doses were tested at 100L/ha (30 ml for our plots)
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The first test with the bioinsecticid : Detection of the effective dose against Aphatona Spp.
After development of the bioinsecticide, it is important to detect the effective dose against Aphtona spp. A dosage test was then used!
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Synthesis of a bioinsecticid with the 4 best species
In order to set up a protocol for the manufacture and use of a bioinsecticid, two additional agronomic tests were carried out
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Effects of bioinsecticid plants extracts on Okra plants
Results of effects of Bioinsecticid plants on A. esculentus (Okra) are ready.
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C. olitorius plants growth and aspects on the plots
For C. olitorius growth and production, Chromolaena odorata and Pseudovigna argentea are the best fertilizer plants!
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Visit of the international and National jury member in charge of Togo
On Friday, June 29, we had the visit of the national and international jury members. We thus benefited their contributions and orientations to finish our project. The international was represented by Stéphane RIVIERE, Biodiversity Expert of HeidelBergCement. Nature will be the biggest winner
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The first results of agronomic tests
Effects of fertilized plants on the growth on A. esculentus (Okra) at 7 weeks after sowing
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Memory recall: Why bioinsecticides in the Tokpli mining area?
The population of this mining area essentially farmers of vegetables
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Pulverization of plants extracts with bioinsecticide properties
The spraying of bioinsecticides has started since the end of April
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Pulverization of plants extracts with bioinsecticide properties
The spraying of bioinsecticides has started since the end of April
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Pulverization of plants extracts with bioinsecticide properties
The spraying of bioinsecticides has started since the end of April
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Methodology for evaluating the bioinsecticide property of species
The bioinsecticide potential of species with bioinsecticide properties is being studied through agronomic tests on okra.
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Methodology for assessing the fertilizing potential of the identified species
The fertilizing potential of the fertilizer species is being studied thanks to agronomic tess on okra cultivated on the soils amended with these species in the form of green manures.
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Period of agronomic tests: your last big goal
Reminder: In the previous goals we have identified spontaneous plant species that can be used as: green manures and bioinsecticides.The agrochemical tests will make it possible to better evaluate these plants in order to propose to the population those which are bursting with better nutrients and those which can be used as bioinsecticides.
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps: Calcium distribution map
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps: pH distribution map
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps:Organic Matter distribution map
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps: Nitrogen distribution map
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps: Phosphorus distribution map
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Establishment of synthetic geological maps
Further work concerned the Establishment of spatial distribution maps of potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and pH. After these maps, a geoecological map of synthesis has been established highlighting: - the state of soil degradation in the mining area - plant species to be reforested on each soil type to boost biodiversity - market garden species adapted to each type of soil to boost the economy of farmers
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Activities 3: Determination of the fertilizing and bioinsecticidal powers of the flagship species
Between Chromolaena odorata, Lonchocarpus cericeus and Pseudovigna argentea: which is the most fertilizing species for a good fertilization of soils around the mining ?
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Which vegetable should be grown on each type of soil for good economic profitability?
We identified the 5 priority crops in the area. On what kind of soil should we cultivate each to boost the economy of the population. We referred to an ACP with XLSTAT software.
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What are the main vegetables cultivated in the study area?
During the ethnobotanical survey and the floristic inventory, we idenified the vegetables grown in the experimental zone.
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Plants with bioinsectic properties identified in the area
Five species have been identified as plants with bioinsecticide properties while respecting our selection criteria.
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Which of these plants can be used for fertilization and as bioinsectides?
The choice of species is based on the following questions: - Which species are regularly mentioned in the bibliography as a fertilizer or bio-insecticide? - Is it common? - If it is frequent, does it regenerate easily? - Which part of the plant is used?
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Our second results: Plants species with fertilizing and bioinsecticidal properties in this area
With the floristic inventories, ethnobotanical surveys and the bibliography, this study has been made to identify the plants that can be valued in soil fertilization and the fight against pathogens without harmful effects on the environment.
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Which plant species should be planted on which soil to boost the vegetation of the area?
Which plant species should be planted on which soil to boost the vegetation of the area? SCANTOGO as all extractive industries are carrying out reforestation activities in the mining area. However, some transplanted plants fade on some soils because they are not adapted to these soils? What links can be made between the different soil types and the 15 reforested species in the mining zone? See the image.
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Our first results: Summary
Use of the Dabin scale (1970) to classify these agricultural soils according to their fertility or state of degradation.
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Our first results: Soils N, P and K contents
N, P and K contents are very important to allow state of soils degradation . The following figure shows the grades of the different soil types.
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Our first results: Soils pH values
Soil pH plays a very important role in its fertility. What about agricultural soils all around Sika-kondji quarry?
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Our first results: Chemical composition of agricultural soils surrounding the quarry
In order to know the state of degradation of the agricultural soils surrounding the quarry and the soil remediation efficiency of quarry areas at the end of exploitation, one of our objectives is to determine the physico-chemical composition of the different types of soils surrounding the quarry as well as this of the quarry in rehabilitation.
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Soil chemical analysis: N, P, K and Ca
ince 2 weeks, chemical analyzes of soils continue in 3 laboratories
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Soil chemical analysis: What is the fertility status of the different soil in the mining area?
To answer this question, the analyzes will be done on soils sampled at the University of Lomé in laboratories GTVD and ESA as well as at ITRA.
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Preparation of soil samples before analysis at university of Lomé
The samples of soil samples were processed before the chemical analyzes at the University of Lome (Department of Chemistry) from February 19th to February 25th, 2018.
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Collection of soil samples
Our team carried out soil sampling for the laboratory tests on February 17th and 18th.
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Ethnobotany surveys
On March 09 and 10, our team was in the mining area. Our objective was to carry out ethnobotanical surveys on fertilizing plants, those with insecticidal properties and problems related to vegetable production in the five villages concerned by the project (Assou kondji, Nyinda kondji, Ahlimegni Kondji, Ziome-kondji and Anagonou kpota). See the picture!
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delimitation of sections of the study area
Following the first meeting, the study area was subdivided into 16 sections (See the pictures)
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Activities 1: Meeting to train members on ethnobotanical surveys and soil samples collection
The first phase of our work focused on: - Inventories of fertilizing plants and those with insecticidal properties in the study area - identification of the different soil types as well as the vegetables most exposed to pathogenic attacks in the area
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Some vegetables fields on agricultural soils of villages all around the plant and quarry.
This activity is mainly conducted by more than 60% of women (See the picture).
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Presentation of the study area
Agriculture soils of villages arround the quarry (Assou-kondji, Nyinda-kondji, Ahlimegni-Kondji, Ziome-kondji and Anagonou-kpota) and the end-exploited rehabilited area of the quarry are our experimented study area (See on the picture).
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Our Specifics Objectives
In order to reach our final goal, our study has four main objectives.
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Our main Objectives
What are the easily accessible materials for soil fertilization and replacing chemical insecticides in the villages surrounding the quarry?
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INTRODUCTION: Our Problematic
Chemicals fertilizers and insecticides are very expensive, dangerous for human health and biodiversity.
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